Communication and risk management of nanotechnologies, the NanoDiode experience

Pieter VAN BROEKHUIZEN, NanoDiode Project

Innovative development of nanotechnologies often implies the use of nanomaterials, for which insight in hazards and exposures is essential to manage and control occupational risks. Downstream communication about potential nanomaterials’ risks and upstream about applied manufacturing procedures are important elements of workplace risk governance. If hazard data of nanomaterials are insufficiently available a way forward is to operationalize a precautionary approach, for which minimizing exposure is indicated. Supporting risk assessment tools estimating exposure include control banding and guidances for safe working with nanomaterials, among which different tools developed by stakeholders in the debate on nanotechnologies. Nanomaterials’ specific OELs have not yet been derived but precautionary alternatives have been introduced in several EU member states.

Complicating in risk assessment of nanomaterials and a challenge for operationalizing a precautionary approach is the simultaneous exposure to ‘natural’ and ‘incidental’ nanomaterials, adding to the burden of the manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs). It is likely that the potential hazards of process-generated nanoparticles (PGNPs) equal those of MNMs. PGNPs generated at the workplace may even dominate the airborne nanoparticles’ number concentration due to emissions from operational processes used with a permanent character. Also industrial processes without any relation to nanotechnology may generate air-borne nanoparticles up to levels of several millions of particles/cm3. Typical sources for the formation of PGNPs at workplaces are heating- and combustion processes, soldering, welding, and fracturing and abrasion activities like sanding, milling, polishing and drilling. Also laser etching and less obvious activities like extrusion and the use of specific electrical equipment may emit nanoparticles in significant amounts.

The project NanoDiode focused on outreach and dialogue on nanotechnologies and included discussion on governance of these issues.

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